The Environmental Kuznets Curve Under Norden “Green Deal” and Action Plans in Nordic European Countries

Jules-Eric Tchapchet-Tchouto (), Gérard Duthil (), Rosy Pascale Meyet Tchouapi (), Arsene Mouongue Kelly () and Isaac Ketu ()
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Jules-Eric Tchapchet-Tchouto: University of Dschang
Gérard Duthil: University of Rouen Normandy
Rosy Pascale Meyet Tchouapi: University of Dschang
Arsene Mouongue Kelly: University of Dschang
Isaac Ketu: University of Dschang
Authors registered in the RePEc Author Service: Jules-Eric Tchapchet Tchouto

Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 2024, vol. 15, issue 4, No 53, 16969-17002

Abstract: Abstract This article assesses the path of environmental degradation under the environmental Kuznets curve framework in Nordic European countries using data spanning the period 2005–2019 and employing the ordinary least squares techniques. The findings reveal evidence of a U-shaped structure; meaning, economic growth during the study period under the Norden “Green Deal and Action Plans” impulse remains on a pathway in which environmental quality is not yet improved. Further, there is no leveraging effect that changes the U-shaped structure into and inverted U-shaped. However, Nordic countries are characterized by the existence of the Pollution Halo Effect. Indeed, foreign direct investment inflows lead to increase use of advanced technologies and improved management practices. These results are robust to the use of different techniques such as alternative dependent variables, addition of control variables in response of the likely attrition bias, test of non-belonging to Eurozone features, and quantile analysis. As policy implications, Nordic European countries should amplify environmental management practices and policies to achieve low carbon footprint production or consumption in their economies, as well as pursue on a long-term basis, initiatives for a Green Nordic label, and energy efficiency as settled in the Norden Environmental Action Plan.

Keywords: Norden Environmental Action Plan; Economic Complexity; Ecological Footprint; Carbon Emissions; Nordic European Countries; Environmental Kuznets Curve (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: C23 O44 O47 O52 Q53 Q55 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1007/s13132-024-01744-z

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