 How TOI and the Quadruple and Quintuple Helix Innovation System Can Support the Development of a New Model of International CooperationAndreana Casaramona, Antonia Sapia and Alberto Soraci () Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 2015, vol. 6, issue 3, 505-521 Abstract: This paper deals with the pathway to an international cooperation approach to facilitate the setting up of an innovation-friendly environment in Mediterranean partner countries (MPC). The MPC are in fact a priority for the EU, especially after the Arab spring in 2011. The innovation and technology gap in the Mediterranean area, compared to the main global competitors, depends not only on the limited capacity to bring the knowledge generated into the market by creating a stable and strong link between research and business but also on the need to establish some cultural-based values as described in the quadruple helix model. In response to these challenges, the Mediterranean area has to review and improve research and innovation (R&I) capacities and systems (The European Commission, 2012). The European Union has addressed these priorities by enhancing cooperation between research and innovation actors on both sides as well as by transferring innovation management skills and successful experiences that could be tailored and adapted to the local needs. In the current context of open innovation where innovation relies on information, knowledge flow and networking, the low level of collaborations and interactions among the main actors of innovation are one of the principle factors hampering the innovation deployment in Mediterranean societies. If we move from the open innovation to the targeted open innovation, it is possible to define some specific targets/smart specialization that could support the regional development. This emerges clearly from the present work; the main hurdles to the setting up of an innovation-friendly ecosystem can be hereinafter summarized: (a) cultural aspects, including innovation culture; (b) rigid administrative and regulatory framework in the Mediterranean area (it is often considered rigid and unclear, too bureaucratic with consequence in researchers’ behaviours with external actors); (c) researchers’ mobility obstacles; (d) complex and not recognized patent exploitation procedures and IPR process and (e) lack of smart specialization strategies. These factors are able to affect the research and innovation activities, the technology transfer model and its adaptation in different geographical areas. It is not possible not to take into consideration these aspects, especially in the framework of international cooperation. In this paper, we offer a case study developed in the context of international cooperation. The study offers elements in order to create a model for a suitable environment for knowledge exploitation in the context of the international cooperation. Copyright Springer Science+Business Media New York 2015 Keywords: Knowledge transfer; Research and innovation; International cooperation; Open innovation; Knowledge exploitation (search for similar items in EconPapers) Downloads: (external link) Related works: Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:spr:jknowl:v:6:y:2015:i:3:p:505-521 Ordering information: This journal article can be ordered from DOI: 10.1007/s13132-015-0253-8 Access Statistics for this article Journal of the Knowledge Economy is currently edited by Elias G. Carayannis More articles in Journal of the Knowledge Economy from Springer, Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET) |
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