“It Sounds Like You Don’t Want to Help Me”: How Everyday Bordering in Settlement Services Impacts Immigrant Women in Canada

Catherine Schmidt () and Rupaleem Bhuyan ()
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Catherine Schmidt: University of Toronto
Rupaleem Bhuyan: University of Toronto

Journal of International Migration and Integration, 2025, vol. 26, issue 1, No 10, 255-277

Abstract: Abstract The Canadian government’s investment in settlement services, which provide language, employment, and housing assistance for new immigrants, is recognized as a key component of Canada’s commitment to multicultural integration. With Canada’s move towards a “two-step” immigration system, however, many new immigrants who arrive on temporary permits do not have access to federally funded settlement services. Based on research from a larger project about the settlement experiences of immigrant women in Ontario, Canada, our paper explores how exclusions from settlement services impact immigrant women with precarious status. We examine these exclusions as a form of “everyday bordering,” through which social divisions based on immigration status are constructed within everyday life. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 35 immigrant women and 20 settlement service providers. Purposive sampling was used to recruit participants who arrived with a range of statuses, including permanent residents, refugee claimants, temporary workers, and international students. In our analysis, we use a situated intersectional lens to consider the impacts of exclusions within settlement services from the perspectives of both immigrant women and service providers, with attention to how immigration status intersects with social divisions based on race, gender, and class. Interview data was coded using thematic analysis methods. Our findings highlight the hardships resulting from a lack of access to information for women with precarious status and the inadequacy of reliance on employment-related and personal networks to take the place of formal settlement support. While many service providers resist the exclusions required by their funding mandates, these largely individual strategies are limited, leaving frontline workers with the emotional burden of being unable to fulfill their professional role of supporting new immigrants.

Keywords: Settlement services; Everyday bordering; Precarious status; Immigrant women; Canada; Differential inclusion (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1007/s12134-024-01183-4

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