Something in the pipe: the Flint water crisis and health at birth

Rui Wang (), Xi Chen and Xun Li ()
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Rui Wang: Mississippi State University
Xun Li: Wuhan University

Journal of Population Economics, 2022, vol. 35, issue 4, No 10, 1723-1749

Abstract: Abstract In 2014, the city of Flint, MI, in the USA changed its public water source, resulting in severe water contamination and a public health crisis. Using the Flint water crisis as a natural experiment, we estimate the effect of in utero exposure to polluted water on health at birth. Matching vital statistics birth records with various sources of data, we use the synthetic control method to identify the causal impact of water pollution on key birth outcomes. Our results suggest that the crisis modestly increased the rate of low birth weight (LBW) by 1.8 percentage points (or 15.5%) but had little effect on the length of gestation or rate of prematurity. However, these effects are larger among children born to black mothers, as indicated by an increase in the rate of LBW by 2.5 percentage points (or 19%). Children born to white mothers exhibit, on average, a 30.1-g decrease in birth weight. We find little evidence that the male-to-female sex ratio declines in the overall population, suggesting that the in utero scarring effect of the Flint water crisis may dominate the channel of mortality selection. However, we observe a slight decline in the sex ratio among children born to black mothers. Finally, we find no notable change in the fertility rates of either black women or white women in Flint. These results are robust to a rich set of placebo and falsification tests.

Keywords: Water pollution; Lead exposure; Flint water crisis; Infants; Low birth weight (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I14 I18 Q53 Q58 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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Working Paper: Something in the Pipe: Flint Water Crisis and Health at Birth (2021)
Working Paper: Something in the Pipe: Flint Water Crisis and Health at Birth (2019)
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DOI: 10.1007/s00148-021-00876-9

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