Forced migration and food crises

Federico Carril-Caccia (), Jordi Paniagua () and Marta Suarez-Varela ()
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Federico Carril-Caccia: University of Granada
Jordi Paniagua: University of Valencia
Marta Suarez-Varela: Bank of Spain

Journal of Population Economics, 2025, vol. 38, issue 4, No 3, 32 pages

Abstract: Abstract This paper investigates the impact of food crises on forced international migration (FIM) using a structural gravity model. Using a new dataset that captures the severity, duration, and causes of food crises, we find that such crises increase FIM. Mild crises tend to push migrants toward developed, distant countries, while severe crises shift flows to closer destinations. This suggests that as food crises intensify, financial barriers grow, limiting the ability to migrate long distances. However, these patterns are strongly influenced by liquidity constraints, which are shaped by migration costs and migrants’ economic resources.

Keywords: Forced migration; Food crisis; Food insecurity; Liquidity constraints; Heterogeneous migration costs; Gravity equation; Sustainable development goals (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: F22 O15 Q18 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1007/s00148-025-01128-w

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