Probability-based accounting for carbon in forests to consider wildfire and other stochastic events: synchronizing science, policy, and carbon offsets

Thomas Buchholz (), John Gunn, Bruce Springsteen, Gregg Marland, Max Moritz and David Saah
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Thomas Buchholz: University of Vermont
John Gunn: University of New Hampshire
Bruce Springsteen: Placer County Air Pollution Control District
Gregg Marland: Appalachian State University
Max Moritz: Berkeley University of California
David Saah: Spatial Informatics Group LLC (SIG)

Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 2022, vol. 27, issue 1, No 4, 21 pages

Abstract: Abstract Forest carbon offset protocols reward measurable carbon stocks to adhere to accepted greenhouse gas (GHG) accounting principles. This focus on measurable stocks threatens permanence and shifts project-level risks from natural disturbances to an offset registry’s buffer pool. This creates bias towards current GHG benefits, where greater but potentially high-risk stocks are incentivized vs. medium-term to long-term benefits of reduced but more stable stocks. We propose a probability-based accounting framework that allows for more complete risk accounting for forest carbon while still adhering to International Organization for Standardization (ISO) GHG accounting principles. We identify structural obstacles to endorsement of probability-based accounting in current carbon offset protocols and demonstrate through a case study how to overcome these obstacles without violating ISO GHG principles. The case study is the use of forest restoration treatments in fire-adapted forests that stabilize forest carbon and potentially avoid future wildfire emissions. Under current carbon offset protocols, these treatments are excluded since carbon stocks are lowered initially. This limitation is not per se required by ISO’s GHG accounting principles. We outline how real, permanent, and verifiable GHG benefits can be accounted for through a probability-based framework that lowers stressors on a registry’s buffer pool.

Keywords: Risk; Wildfire; Carbon offsets; Greenhouse gas accounting; Forest restoration (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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DOI: 10.1007/s11027-021-09983-0

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