A risk-based multi-level stress test methodology: application to six critical non-nuclear infrastructures in Europe

Sotirios A. Argyroudis (), Stavroula Fotopoulou, Stella Karafagka, Kyriazis Pitilakis, Jacopo Selva, Ernesto Salzano, Anna Basco, Helen Crowley, Daniela Rodrigues, José P. Matos, Anton J. Schleiss, Wim Courage, Johan Reinders, Yin Cheng, Sinan Akkar, Eren Uçkan, Mustafa Erdik, Domenico Giardini and Arnaud Mignan
Additional contact information
Sotirios A. Argyroudis: Aristotle University
Stavroula Fotopoulou: Aristotle University
Stella Karafagka: Aristotle University
Kyriazis Pitilakis: Aristotle University
Jacopo Selva: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Sezione di Bologna
Ernesto Salzano: University of Bologna
Anna Basco: University of Napoli Federico II
Helen Crowley: EUCENTRE
Daniela Rodrigues: EUCENTRE
José P. Matos: EPFL
Anton J. Schleiss: EPFL
Wim Courage: TNO
Johan Reinders: SGS
Yin Cheng: Southwest Jiaotong University
Sinan Akkar: Bogazici University
Eren Uçkan: Bogazici University
Mustafa Erdik: Bogazici University
Domenico Giardini: ETH Zürich
Arnaud Mignan: ETH Zürich

Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, 2020, vol. 100, issue 2, No 7, 595-633

Abstract: Abstract Recent natural disasters that seriously affected critical infrastructure (CI) with significant socio-economic losses and impact revealed the need for the development of reliable methodologies for vulnerability and risk assessment. In this paper, a risk-based multi-level stress test method that has been recently proposed, aimed at enhancing procedures for evaluation of the risk of critical non-nuclear infrastructure systems against natural hazards, is specified and applied to six key representative CIs in Europe, exposed to variant hazards. The following CIs are considered: an oil refinery and petrochemical plant in Milazzo, Italy, a conceptual alpine earth-fill dam in Switzerland, the Baku–Tbilisi–Ceyhan pipeline in Turkey, part of the Gasunie national gas storage and distribution network in the Netherlands, the port infrastructure of Thessaloniki, Greece, and an industrial district in the region of Tuscany, Italy. The six case studies are presented following the workflow of the stress test framework comprised of four phases: pre-assessment phase, assessment phase, decision phase and report phase. First, the goals, the method, the time frame and the appropriate stress test level to apply are defined. Then, the stress test is performed at component and system levels and the outcomes are checked and compared to risk acceptance criteria. A stress test grade is assigned, and the global outcome is determined by employing a grading system. Finally, critical components and events and risk mitigation strategies are formulated and reported to stakeholders and authorities.

Keywords: Critical infrastructure; Stress test; Risk assessment; Natural hazards; Earthquake; Tsunami; Liquefaction; Multi-hazard; Resilience (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2020
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Citations: View citations in EconPapers (4)

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DOI: 10.1007/s11069-019-03828-5

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