A comprehensive review on structural tsunami countermeasures

Jan Oetjen (), Vallam Sundar, Sriram Venkatachalam, Klaus Reicherter, Max Engel, Holger Schüttrumpf and Sannasi Annamalaisamy Sannasiraj
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Jan Oetjen: RWTH Aachen University
Vallam Sundar: IIT Madras
Sriram Venkatachalam: IIT Madras
Klaus Reicherter: RWTH Aachen University
Max Engel: Heidelberg University
Holger Schüttrumpf: RWTH Aachen University
Sannasi Annamalaisamy Sannasiraj: IIT Madras

Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, 2022, vol. 113, issue 3, No 1, 1419-1449

Abstract: Abstract Tsunamis pose a substantial threat to coastal communities around the globe. To counter their effects, several hard and soft mitigation measures are applied, the choice of which essentially depends on regional expectations, historical experiences and economic capabilities. These countermeasures encompass hard measures to physically prevent tsunami impacts such as different types of seawalls or offshore breakwaters, as well as soft measures such as long-term tsunami hazard assessment, tsunami education, evacuation plans, early-warning systems or coastal afforestation. Whist hard countermeasures generally aim at reducing the inundation level and distance, soft countermeasures focus mainly on enhanced resilience and decreased vulnerability or nature-based wave impact mitigation. In this paper, the efficacy of hard countermeasures is evaluated through a comprehensive literature review. The recent large-scale tsunami events facilitate the assessment of performance characteristics of countermeasures and related damaging processes by in-situ observations. An overview and comparison of such damages and dependencies are given and new approaches for mitigating tsunami impacts are presented.

Keywords: Tsunami countermeasure; Hard countermeasure; Structural countermeasure; Tsunami mitigation; Extreme-wave events (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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DOI: 10.1007/s11069-022-05367-y

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