Hydrochemical indices as a proxy for assessing land-use impacts on water resources: a sustainable management perspective and case study of Can Tho City, Vietnam

Nguyen Hong Duc, Pankaj Kumar, Pham Phuong Lan, Tonni Agustiono Kurniawan, Khaled Mohamed Khedher, Ali Kharrazi, Osamu Saito and Ram Avtar ()
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Nguyen Hong Duc: Hokkaido University
Pankaj Kumar: Institute for Global Environmental Strategies
Pham Phuong Lan: National Economics University
Tonni Agustiono Kurniawan: Ravensburg-Weingarten University of Applied Sciences
Khaled Mohamed Khedher: King Khalid University
Ali Kharrazi: International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis
Osamu Saito: Institute for Global Environmental Strategies
Ram Avtar: Hokkaido University

Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, 2023, vol. 117, issue 3, No 20, 2573-2615

Abstract: Abstract Can Tho City is experiencing water stress driven by rapid global changes. This study assesses the spatiotemporal variation in surface water quality (SWQ) through a multivariate statistical approach to provide evidence-based scientific information supporting sustainable water resource management and contributing to achieving the city’s sustainable development goals (SDGs). The complex SWQ dataset with 14 monthly-measured parameters at 73 sampling sites throughout the city was collected and analyzed. The obtained results indicated that average concentrations of biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand (COD), dissolved oxygen (DO), total coliform, turbidity, total suspended solids, and phosphate (PO43−) exceeded the permissible national levels. Spatially, cluster analysis had divided the city’s river basin into three different zones (mixed urban-industrial, agricultural, and mixed urban–rural zones). The key sources of SWQ pollution in these three zones were individually identified by principal component/factor analysis (PCA/FA), which were mainly related to domestic wastewater, industrial effluents, farming runoff, soil erosion, upstream sediment flows, and severe droughts. Discriminant analysis also explored that COD, DO, turbidity, nitrate (NO3−), and PO43− were the key parameters discriminating SWQ in the city among seasons and land-use zones. The temporally analyzed results from weighted arithmetic water quality index (WAWQI) estimation revealed the deterioration of SWQ conditions, whereby the total polluted monitoring sites of the city increased from 29% in 2013 to 51% in 2019. The key drivers of this deterioration were the expansion in built-up and industrial land areas, farming runoff, and droughts. Graphical abstract

Keywords: Surface water quality; Spatiotemporal variations; Multivariate statistical approach; Water quality index; Can Tho City; Vietnam (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1007/s11069-023-05957-4

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