Unzipping flood vulnerability and functionality loss: tale of struggle for existence of riparian buildings

Dipendra Gautam (), Rabindra Adhikari, Suraj Gautam, Vishnu Prasad Pandey, Bhesh Raj Thapa, Suraj Lamichhane, Rocky Talchabhadel, Saraswati Thapa, Sunil Niraula, Komal Raj Aryal, Pravin Lamsal, Subash Bastola, Sanjay Kumar Sah, Shanti Kala Subedi, Bijaya Puri, Bidur Kandel, Pratap Sapkota and Rajesh Rupakhety
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Dipendra Gautam: Cosmos College of Management and Technology
Rabindra Adhikari: Cosmos College of Management and Technology
Suraj Gautam: Institute of Himalayan Risk Reduction
Vishnu Prasad Pandey: Interdisciplinary Research Institute for Sustainability, IRIS
Bhesh Raj Thapa: Interdisciplinary Research Institute for Sustainability, IRIS
Suraj Lamichhane: Interdisciplinary Research Institute for Sustainability, IRIS
Rocky Talchabhadel: Interdisciplinary Research Institute for Sustainability, IRIS
Saraswati Thapa: Pulchowk Campus
Sunil Niraula: Himalaya College of Engineering
Komal Raj Aryal: Rabdan Academy
Pravin Lamsal: Geovation Nepal
Subash Bastola: Pulchowk Campus
Sanjay Kumar Sah: Pulchowk Campus
Shanti Kala Subedi: Krishnam Smart Engineering Solutions
Bijaya Puri: Interdisciplinary Research Institute for Sustainability, IRIS
Bidur Kandel: Nepal Engineering College
Pratap Sapkota: Nepal Telecom
Rajesh Rupakhety: University of Iceland

Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, 2023, vol. 119, issue 2, No 10, 989-1009

Abstract: Abstract Floods pose significant risk to riparian buildings as evidenced during many historical events. Although structural resilience to tsunami flooding is well studied in the literature, high-velocity and debris-laden floods in steep terrains are not considered adequately so far. Historical floods in steep terrains necessitate the need for flood vulnerability analysis of buildings. To this end, we report vulnerability of riparian-reinforced concrete buildings using forensic damage interpretations and empirical/analytical vulnerability analyses. Furthermore, we propose the concept and implications of functionality loss due to flooding in residential reinforced concrete (RC) buildings using empirical data. Fragility functions using inundation depth and momentum flux are presented for RC buildings considering a recent flooding event in Nepal. The results show that flow velocity and sediment load, rather than hydrostatic load, govern the damages in riparian RC buildings. However, at larger inundation depth, hydrostatic force alone may collapse some of the RC buildings.

Keywords: Flood risk; Flood vulnerability; Functionality loss; Flood performance; Fragility function; Riparian building; RC (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1007/s11069-022-05433-5

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