An upscaling multi-level and multi-hazard risk assessment for heat and other natural hazards concerning vulnerable groups in Žilina, Slovakia

Alexander Fekete (), Steffen Neuner (), Christopher Munschauer (), Lubos Buzna (), Daniel Chovanec (), Katarina Holla (), Samuel Kockar (), Ulrich Leopold (), Stefania Stellacci (), Derya Yilmaz () and Catarina Ferreira da Silva ()
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Alexander Fekete: TH Köln - University of Applied Sciences Cologne, Institute of Rescue Engineering and Civil Protection
Steffen Neuner: TH Köln - University of Applied Sciences Cologne, Institute of Rescue Engineering and Civil Protection
Christopher Munschauer: TH Köln - University of Applied Sciences Cologne, Institute of Rescue Engineering and Civil Protection
Lubos Buzna: University of Žilina, Faculty of Management Science and Informatics
Daniel Chovanec: University of Zilina
Katarina Holla: University of Zilina
Samuel Kockar: University of Zilina
Ulrich Leopold: Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Sustainable Built and Urban Environment
Stefania Stellacci: Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), ISTAR
Derya Yilmaz: Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Sustainable Built and Urban Environment
Catarina Ferreira da Silva: Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), ISTAR

Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, 2025, vol. 121, issue 19, No 28, 23053 pages

Abstract: Abstract Climate change, natural hazards and heat stress increasingly affect everyone, with particularly severe impacts on vulnerable populations and individuals with special needs. However, there is a research gap in integrating peoples’ needs with different levels of the built environment and spatial planning frameworks. This study analyses Žilina city, a major hub in North-Western Slovakia that is exposed to multiple natural hazards. A spatial assessment is conducted in this study, showing heat, earthquake, fire, flood, and landslide risks for the city, using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Critical infrastructure exposure is mapped, and a built environment typology is developed to provide additional detail. Building exterior and interior information for the vulnerability analysis of the building and its current occupants is gathered through site visits, orthophotography, and street view photography. The results reveal hotspots of risk and special needs groups, as well as how this information can be scaled up to improve evacuation and reduce heat stress. This risk transect analysis, encompassing the individual, building, built environment, and city levels, can support more integrated and effective multi-risk assessment and management.

Keywords: Climate change adaptation; Vulnerable groups; Critical infrastructure; Geographic information systems; Building information modelling; Žilina (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1007/s11069-025-07722-1

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