Comparison and analysis of the influence of geological differences on sediment runoff volumes from watersheds

Hiromi Akita ()
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Hiromi Akita: National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience

Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, 2025, vol. 121, issue 3, No 12, 2685-2717

Abstract: Abstract This study examined the sediment characteristics of areas where landslides occurred due to heavy rains between 2014 and 2019. A total of 13 lithotypes in five geographic regions in Japan were examined using LiDAR LP topography data before and after the disasters occurred to estimate the changes in elevation. In addition, the volume of sediment runoff for each case was estimated for basin areas ranging from 0.01 up to 0.1 km2. The influence of geological differences on the sediment runoff volume within the watershed using indicators such as the density of landslide occurrence, landslide volume, and watershed erosion intensity was also assessed. The results showed that, for all lithotypes, as the watershed area increases, the relief ratio decreases and the sediment runoff volume increases; however, the magnitude of this increase in sediment runoff volume differs depending on the underlying lithotypes. In addition, the density of landslide occurrence was high in plutonic and metamorphic rocks. The landslide volume and the total eroded sediment volume within a watershed generically [intercept set to zero] can be regressed using a linear equation. Since the average total eroded sediment volume within a watershed is approximately twice that of the landslide volume, there is a proportional relationship of 1:2. The relationship between the relief ratio and watershed erosion intensity shows that the watershed erosion intensity increases gradually as the relief ratio increases, and the rate of increase is larger in plutonic rocks (granite and granodiorite) than in the other groups.

Keywords: Sediment runoff volume; Debris flow; Lithotypes; LiDAR DEM analysis; Sediment disaster (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1007/s11069-024-06909-2

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