Organic and elemental carbon variation in PM2.5 over megacity Delhi and Bhubaneswar, a semi-urban coastal site in India

Sipra Panda, S. K. Sharma, Parth Sarathi Mahapatra, Upasana Panda, Satyajit Rath, Minakshi Mahapatra, T. K. Mandal and Trupti Das ()
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Sipra Panda: CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology
S. K. Sharma: CSIR-National Physical Laboratory
Parth Sarathi Mahapatra: CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology
Upasana Panda: CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology
Satyajit Rath: CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology
Minakshi Mahapatra: CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology
T. K. Mandal: CSIR-National Physical Laboratory
Trupti Das: CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology

Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, 2016, vol. 80, issue 3, No 15, 1709-1728

Abstract: Abstract This paper presents the effect of meteorology, long-range transport, boundary layer and anthropogenic activities on the chemical composition of aerosol (PM2.5) particularly carbonaceous aerosol (OC, EC TC) in two Indian cities, namely Delhi and Bhubaneswar. The climatological and demographical differences in the two cities have compelled the authors to compare concentrations of atmospheric organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) in PM2.5 at Delhi and Bhubaneswar during winter 2013 (Dec 2012 to Feb 2013). Although, Delhi is a densely populated megacity with several anthropogenic activities, Bhubaneswar is a comparatively less dense small coastal city. The percentage contribution of total carbon (TC) to PM2.5 mass was higher as recorded at Bhubaneswar (~30.38 %) as compared to Delhi (~15 %). Average ratios of OCtot/EC, K+/OCtot and K+/EC were recorded as 1.88 ± 0.24, 0.006 ± 0.004 and 0.018 ± 0.013 at Bhubaneswar, respectively, whereas in Delhi, respective average ratios of OCtot/EC, K+/OCtot and K+/EC were recorded as 1.37 ± 0.16, 0.230 ± 0.066 and 0.321 ± 0.122. OCtot/EC, K+/OCtot, K+/EC ratios and eight carbon fraction analysis of PM2.5 mass revealed the dominant contribution of fossil fuel specifically from coal combustion at Bhubaneswar, whereas vehicular exhaust, fossil fuel combustion along with biomass burning and road dust were the main sources of emission at Delhi. Long-range transport and prevailing meteorology had a major impact on the respective pollutants at Bhubaneswar, and OCtot and EC of PM2.5 mass over Delhi were believed to have originated from local sources due to shallow boundary layer, stable meteorology and high anthropogenic activities during the observation period. Besides, secondary organic carbon (OCsec) contributed 15.76 ± 8.41 and 14.65 ± 7.46 % to OCtot concentration of Bhubaneswar and Delhi, respectively.

Keywords: Organic carbon; Elemental carbon; Secondary organic carbon; Fossil fuel; Biomass burning; Correlation matrix; MACCity emission inventory (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2016
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DOI: 10.1007/s11069-015-2049-3

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