Economic Impact of Insufficient and Disturbed Sleep in the Workplace

Danielle R. Glick (), Samuel A. Abariga, Irine Thomas, Andrea G. Shipper, Brian C. Gunia, Michael A. Grandner, Elliot Rosenberg, Stella E. Hines, Vincent Capaldi, Jacob Collen and Emerson M. Wickwire
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Danielle R. Glick: University of Maryland School of Medicine
Samuel A. Abariga: SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University
Irine Thomas: University of Maryland School of Medicine
Andrea G. Shipper: University of Maryland
Brian C. Gunia: Johns Hopkins University
Michael A. Grandner: University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson
Elliot Rosenberg: University of Haifa
Stella E. Hines: University of Maryland School of Medicine
Vincent Capaldi: Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
Jacob Collen: Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
Emerson M. Wickwire: University of Maryland School of Medicine

PharmacoEconomics, 2023, vol. 41, issue 7, No 4, 785 pages

Abstract: Abstract Objective Insufficient and disturbed sleep are associated with significant morbidity among working-age adults. Poor sleep results in negative health outcomes and increases economic costs to employers. The current systematic review surveyed the peer-reviewed scientific literature and aggregated scientific evidence of sleep-related economic burdens borne by employers. Methods A systematic review was performed to identify peer-reviewed, English language studies evaluating the economic impact of insufficient and disturbed sleep among adult employee populations. An exhaustive literature search was performed using keywords related to sleep, economics, and the workplace. Included were scientific studies (randomized controlled trials, cohort and case control studies, cross-sectional and longitudinal studies) examining specific employee populations with relevant sleep and economic outcomes. Each included study was evaluated for risk of bias and relevant data was extracted and summarized. Results Sleep problems among employee populations are associated with worsened workplace outcomes, such as presenteeism, absenteeism, and accidents. Sleep problems also increased costs to employers, ranging from US$322 to US$1967 per employee. Interventions to improve sleep, such as the use of blue-light filtering glasses, strategic shift scheduling, and targeted interventions to treat insomnia, may improve workplace outcomes and reduce costs. Conclusions This review synthesizes the existing data regarding the negative impacts of insufficient and disturbed sleep on the workplace, suggesting that employers have an economic stake in their employees’ sleep. Trial Registration PROSPERO: CRD42021224212.

Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1007/s40273-023-01249-8

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