Coping strategies for ruminative thoughts in athletes: exploring diverse perspectives through Q methodology

Ahmet Yavuz Karafil () and Emirhan Pehlivan ()
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Ahmet Yavuz Karafil: Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy Universty Sports Science Faculty/Sports Management Departmant
Emirhan Pehlivan: Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy Universty Rectorate Physical Education Department

Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, 2025, vol. 59, issue 4, No 35, 3805-3826

Abstract: Abstract A variety of factors impact athletic performance, with psychological states being particularly important. Among these, rumination, defined as persistent, recurrent negative thoughts, appears as a key barrier to obtaining peak performance. Effectively controlling these ruminative thoughts is critical for athletes’ physiological and psychological well-being, as well as the longevity of their athletic careers. The purpose of this study is to investigate how athletes cope with ruminative ideas. The study used Q methodology, which combines qualitative and quantitative research methodologies, to select 30 athletes who had experienced negative experiences during their careers. Participants were chosen using a snowball sampling approach. Principal component analysis was used to identify relevant variables in participant replies and produce Z scores. The study identified five key coping mechanisms used by athletes to control ruminative thoughts: cognitive, belief-based, social, physical, and behavioral techniques. In-depth interviews shed light on the reasoning behind these tactics and their perceived success in reducing negative thoughts. Understanding and treating ruminative thoughts with these diverse types of coping mechanisms can significantly improve sports performance. By combining cognitive, belief-based, social, physical, and behavioral techniques, athletes may protect their psychological well-being while also improving their overall performance.

Keywords: Rumination; Coping strategies; Athletes; Q methodology (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1007/s11135-025-02142-6

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