Partial citation analysis of five classes of retracted papers, and devising a new four-tier citation classification system for retracted (and other) papers

Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva () and Serhii Nazarovets ()
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Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva: Independent Researcher
Serhii Nazarovets: Borys Grinchenko Kyiv University

Scientometrics, 2023, vol. 128, issue 8, No 30, 4887-4894

Abstract: Abstract As the number of retractions of the academic literature increase, there is also a bibliometric interest in appreciating the volume of citations that retracted papers received prior to, and following, a retraction. We assessed the pre- and post-citation counts of one paper each of five classes of retracted papers using the Web of Science Core Collection (WOS-CC). The papers (and their respective DOIs) were: (C1) Data or classification error ( https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0204076 ); (C2) fraud ( https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-011-1208-0 ); C3) paper mill ( https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/2381482 ); C4) tortured phrase ( https://doi.org/10.1007/s12652-020-02455-4 ); C5) plagiarism ( https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2012.06.051 ). C1, C2, C3, C4 and C5 were cited (September 7, 2022) 43, 45, 35, 3, and 16 times, respectively. Separately, noting the shortcomings of the WOS-CC citation classification system for citations, we propose a new four-tier classification system for citation sentiment or use (background; supportive; contradictory; manipulative) that accommodates both the functionality and sentiment of a citation to assess how a retracted paper (or indeed, any paper), is cited. We tested this new classification system using C5. We envision that these two new systems (five classes of retracted papers; four tiers of citation behavior) can further be implemented in citation databases to improve the informative value of these resources.

Keywords: Citations; Classification; Discovery; Metrics; Retraction of publication; Scholarly research (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1007/s11192-023-04769-4

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