Streetlight effect in PubPeer comments: are Open Access publications more scrutinized?

Abdelghani Maddi (), Emmanuel Monneau (), Catherine Guaspare-Cartron (), Floriana Gargiulo () and Michel Dubois ()
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Abdelghani Maddi: GEMASS – CNRS – Sorbonne Université
Emmanuel Monneau: GEMASS – CNRS – Sorbonne Université
Catherine Guaspare-Cartron: GEMASS – CNRS – Sorbonne Université
Floriana Gargiulo: GEMASS – CNRS – Sorbonne Université
Michel Dubois: GEMASS – CNRS – Sorbonne Université

Scientometrics, 2024, vol. 129, issue 7, No 21, 4247 pages

Abstract: Abstract The Streetlight Effect represents an observation bias that occurs when individuals search for something only where it is easiest to look. Despite the significant development of Post-Publication Peer Review (PPPR) in recent years, facilitated in part by platforms such as PubPeer, existing literature has not examined whether PPPR is affected by this type of bias. In other words, if the PPPR mainly concerns publications to which researchers have direct access (eg to analyze image duplications, etc.). In this study, we compare the Open Access (OA) structures of publishers and journals among 51,882 publications commented on PubPeer to those indexed in OpenAlex database (#156,700,177). Our findings indicate that OA journals are 33% more prevalent in PubPeer than in the global total (52% for the most commented journals). This result can be attributed to disciplinary bias in PubPeer, with overrepresentation of medical and biological research (which exhibits higher levels of openness). However, after normalization, the results reveal that PPPR does not exhibit a Streetlight Effect, as OA publications, within the same discipline, are on average 16% less prevalent in PubPeer than in the global total. These results suggest that the process of scientific self-correction operates independently of publication access status.

Keywords: Post-publication peer review; PPPR; Research integrity; PubPeer; Open Access; Streetlight effect; OpenAlex; Normalized open access index (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I23 I24 J16 Z13 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1007/s11192-024-05053-9

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