GDP baseline ranking of scientific performance

Gangan Prathap ()
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Gangan Prathap: Kerala State Higher Education Council

Scientometrics, 2025, vol. 130, issue 2, No 28, 1237-1251

Abstract: Abstract We use an approach based on GDP baselines to evaluate the relative scientific performance of countries. The measure for scientific impact relies on a database that consolidates the Shanghai ARWU Rankings from 2017 to 2023 and available in the public domain. Two key measures of a size-dependent input and size-independent intensity of output to input are computed and used to present the rankings in the form of Lorenz curves and two-dimensional graphs. The latter reveal a pyramidal or inverted funnel dispersion. Examples are given to illustrate the use of data and methodology and typical results for a few comparator countries as well as all countries that make it to the Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU) list are shown. An example is also provided where the population baseline replaces the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) baseline. Finally, a two-dimensional graph based on four parameters from these two alternative baselines gives a composite performance map that allows all comparator countries to be placed within an envelope.

Keywords: Science of science; Lorenz curve; Inverted funnel; Size-dependent indicators; Size-independent indicators; GDP baseline; Population baseline; Four-parameter performance map (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1007/s11192-025-05250-0

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