Exploring the Role of Socio-Demographic Characteristics on Gendered Social Exclusion: Empirical Evidence from Older Adults in Pakistan

Muhammad Ahmad Al-Rashid (), Muhammad Nadeem, Tiziana Campisi and Iftikhar Ahmad
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Muhammad Ahmad Al-Rashid: Universiti Malaya
Muhammad Nadeem: Yokohama National University
Tiziana Campisi: Kore University of Enna, Cittadella Universitaria
Iftikhar Ahmad: Mirpur University of Science and Technology

Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, 2023, vol. 169, issue 3, No 6, 847-862

Abstract: Abstract Beyond the concerns associated with marginalised groups’ underrepresentation, we posited that socio-demographic aspects and associated stigma provoke gendered social exclusion among older adults. Although these linkages have been frequently acknowledged, concrete evidence remains complicated. In a sample of 384 older adults from various administrative zones of the Lahore metropolitan, we examined that gendered social exclusion is typically connected with socio-demographic stereotypes. Statistics revealed that 72.3% of older adults reported social exclusion. Homemakers and non-workers were more prone to experience social exclusion than employed respondents. Findings further discovered that the social exclusion rates were more significant among older women (93.1%) than older men (47.5%). Among older women, those involved in some employment, having a personal income, living in higher-income households and joint families with their children or peers, and having access to a private car were less possibly socially excluded. The substantial gender aspect of social exclusion appears to be provoked by a gender-based socio-cultural context, limiting older women’s participation in daily socio-economic pursuits. Finally, possible consequences of increased social exclusion among older women and strategies to cater to this emerging issue are discussed.

Keywords: Social exclusion; Gender; Socio-demographic; Older adults; Pakistan (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1007/s11205-023-03184-9

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