From Flush to Fulfillment: Unveiling the Influence of Upgraded Sanitation on Subjective Well-Being

Yiliyaer Mohetaer (), Chuanfeng Han (), Lingpeng Meng (), Yiwen Shangguan () and Pihui Liu ()
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Yiliyaer Mohetaer: Tongji University
Chuanfeng Han: Tongji University
Lingpeng Meng: Shanghai Maritime University
Yiwen Shangguan: Tongji University
Pihui Liu: Shandong Jianzhu University

Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, 2025, vol. 178, issue 1, No 14, 335-370

Abstract: Abstract Although the influence of sanitation on physical health has been extensively documented, there is a limited understanding regarding the complex relationship between sanitation and subjective well-being (SWB). This research aims to fill this gap by investigating the causal links and mediating mechanisms through which clean sanitation facilities impact SWB. Using nationwide data from the 2018 China Labor Force Dynamics Survey (CLDS), with a sample of 11,375 participants (average age = 47.63, SD = 14.55; 51.47% male, 48.53% female), we apply an endogenous treatment effects model to address endogeneity challenges. Our findings indicate that (1) clean sanitation facilities significantly improve SWB, influencing both long-term life satisfaction and short-term hedonic happiness. (2) In terms of mechanisms, clean sanitation facilities enhance SWB through direct pathways—such as increased comfort, enhanced self-esteem, and reduced psychological distress—as well as indirect pathways, including improved physical health, lower healthcare burdens, and reduced time spent on household chores. (3) The effect is more pronounced for certain groups, such as males, midwestern residents, and middle and low income families. This research provides novel insights into the benefits of sanitation improvement.

Keywords: Clean sanitation facilities; Subjective well-being; CLDS; Healthcare burdens (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1007/s11205-025-03589-8

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