BBR-with enhanced bandwidth estimation (BBR-EBE+): an improved BBR congestion control algorithm based on TCP acknowledgment compression and aggregation

Charles Kihungi Njogu (), Wang Yang (), Humphrey Waita Njogu () and Adrian Bosire ()
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Charles Kihungi Njogu: Central South University
Wang Yang: Central South University
Humphrey Waita Njogu: Kenya Institute for Public Policy Research and Analysis
Adrian Bosire: Kiriri Women’s University of Science and Technology

Telecommunication Systems: Modelling, Analysis, Design and Management, 2025, vol. 88, issue 1, No 38, 13 pages

Abstract: Abstract In early 2017, Google announced a new version of the TCP congestion control algorithm called Bottleneck Bandwidth and Round-trip Time (BBR), aimed at eliminating bottleneck queue formation and optimizing the utilization of available bottleneck bandwidth on networks. Despite the remarkable throughput and delay improvements demonstrated by BBR on modern networks, it exhibits deficiencies and experiences suboptimal delay performance, primarily on network paths featuring TCP acknowledgment (ACK) compression and aggregation. This is due to one of its underlying design choices. ACK compression and aggregation result in excessive ACK rates. However, BBR relies on a traditional approach that cannot thoroughly filter these excessive recorded ACK rates. This leads to BBR injecting additional bytes of data into the buffer queue, causing delivery rate overestimation, and, consequently, prolonged queueing delays. This study proposes the BBR with Enhanced Bandwidth Estimation (BBR-EBE+) algorithm to improve BBR’s bandwidth estimation by accurately detecting and filtering excessive ACK rates and delaying the update of the estimated bandwidth. We implemented our experimental evaluations in a physical testbed environment. BBR-EBE+ achieved up to a 28% average reduction in queueing delay, increasing to 36% in worst-case scenarios, along with an average throughput increase of about 12% compared to other recently published algorithms, such as calibrating bandwidth estimation (CBE).

Keywords: BBR; ACK aggregation; Congestion control; Delivery rate; Latency (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1007/s11235-025-01269-z

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