Comprehensive analysis of Li-Fi technology: positioning algorithms, security vulnerabilities, and future IoT applications

Abdul Razaque (), Gulnara Bektemyssova (), Meenhoon Khan (), Joon Yoo (), Meer Jaro Khan () and Jaime Lloret ()
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Abdul Razaque: International Information Technology University
Gulnara Bektemyssova: International Information Technology University
Meenhoon Khan: Bahria University
Joon Yoo: Gachon University
Meer Jaro Khan: International Information Technology University
Jaime Lloret: Universitat Politècnica de València

Telecommunication Systems: Modelling, Analysis, Design and Management, 2025, vol. 88, issue 4, No 16, 57 pages

Abstract: Abstract Light fidelity (Li-Fi) is an ovonic, high-speed, wireless network communication technology. It can supplement radio frequency (RF) communications that carry much more information to solve the problem of RF bandwidth limitations. The widespread introduction of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) helps create an indoor positioning system, which is flexible at all places. However, the problems of visible light communication (VLC) positioning hinder the development of Li-Fi. Hence, there is a dire need for an extensive survey to explore Li-Fi and security vulnerabilities. In our survey paper, we present Li-Fi research methodology and discuss problems with the background and design specifications of Li-Fi. We map existing problems of VLC positioning with current positioning technologies that are characterized based on Quality-of-Service (QoS) parameters such as speed, energy reduction, time complexity, transportability, accuracy, transmission distance, etc. This new characterization of positioning technologies based on QoS parameters can contribute to the Li-Fi domain. The advantages and disadvantages are thoroughly analyzed using a systematic literature review. Furthermore, we extensively explore the security vulnerabilities of Li-Fi on network and transport layers classify them into three main categories; and discuss Li-Fi heterogeneity support to ensure a constant and reliable connection. The strengths and limitations of Li-Fi are evaluated. Current and future Li-Fi IoT-enabled applications are reviewed. Positioning algorithms 9range-free, range-based, and hybrid) Li-Fi-supported algorithms are tested to determine their effectiveness from accuracy, time complexity, speed, energy reduction, transmission distance, and transportability standpoint. The Loophole-prevention and Li-Fi positioning improvements are suggested.

Keywords: Light fidelity; Li-Fi positioning; Security loophole; Heterogeneity support; Li-Fi design specification (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1007/s11235-025-01358-z

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