Experimental Evidence of Leaks in Elastic Pipes

Mauro Marchis, Chiara M. Fontanazza, Gabriele Freni, Vincenza Notaro () and Valeria Puleo
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Mauro Marchis: University of Enna “Kore”, Cittadella Universitaria
Chiara M. Fontanazza: University of Enna “Kore”, Cittadella Universitaria
Gabriele Freni: University of Enna “Kore”, Cittadella Universitaria
Vincenza Notaro: University of Palermo
Valeria Puleo: University of Palermo

Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), 2016, vol. 30, issue 6, No 9, 2005-2019

Abstract: Abstract Several studies have been carried out in recent decades to establish a relationship between total head and leaks. In literature, the leakage governing equations have been analysed in light of pipe materials, water head, leak dimension or shape. Most of these contributions questioned the classical Torricelli equation, demonstrating through experimental evidence that the classical orifice law can give unsatisfactory results. Nevertheless, starting from the Torricelli equation, other exponential or linear governing equations have been proposed as mathematical models able to reproduce the leakages in water distribution systems (WDSs). To investigate the validity of the proposed governing equations, an experimental campaign was carried out by means of a water distribution network composed of approximately 500 m of polyethylene pipes. The experiments were designed to investigate the effects of leak area and pipe rigidity on discharge. Furthermore, the effect of leak size enlargement with water head was analysed. Finally, the proposed research contributes to the population of a database for estimating the coefficients of head-discharge relationships.

Keywords: Elastic pipes; Experiment; Laboratory tests; Head-leakage formula; Leaks; Water distribution network (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2016
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Citations: View citations in EconPapers (2)

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DOI: 10.1007/s11269-016-1265-2

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