Understanding Municipal Water Use and Data Availability: a Case Study across North Dakota, USA

Nicole Ellingson, Christina L. M. Hargiss () and Jack Norland
Additional contact information
Nicole Ellingson: North Dakota State University
Christina L. M. Hargiss: North Dakota State University
Jack Norland: North Dakota State University

Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), 2019, vol. 33, issue 14, No 15, 4895-4907

Abstract: Abstract Tremendous variation exists in how cities, states, countries, and other jurisdictional areas classify water use and consumption. Additionally, water conservation measures have become more common in the past few decades, but little is known about how these conservation measures are implemented across the landscape. The goal of this study is to increase the breadth of knowledge regarding municipal water-use data: retention, storage, availability, and delving into water conservation measures, along with the impact of shale oil extraction on municipal water use in the Bakken region. Two questionnaires were developed and administered to all municipalities in the state of North Dakota, USA with populations greater than 1000 residents, and between 500 and 1000 residents in the Bakken region (total number (n) =59) willing to participate. Results indicate water conservation measures are inconsistent across the landscape, and data categorization at the municipal level is minimal which limits the analysis, interpretations, and projections that can be made from the data. Additionally, the Bakken region is different from the rest of the state in how they acquire water and sell water to other large scale users. Results from this study will aid water use professionals worldwide by providing valuable information on water-use data, access, storage, and impacts of large water users, such as shale oil extraction, on municipal water. This information will also help researchers to understand availability of data for making comparisons across different areas, assessing trends, and making water use projections.

Keywords: Municipal water; Water use; Water conservation; Water use in temperate climates (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2019
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

Downloads: (external link)
http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11269-019-02411-8 Abstract (text/html)
Access to the full text of the articles in this series is restricted.

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:spr:waterr:v:33:y:2019:i:14:d:10.1007_s11269-019-02411-8

Ordering information: This journal article can be ordered from
http://www.springer.com/economics/journal/11269

DOI: 10.1007/s11269-019-02411-8

Access Statistics for this article

Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA) is currently edited by G. Tsakiris

More articles in Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA) from Springer, European Water Resources Association (EWRA)
Bibliographic data for series maintained by Sonal Shukla () and Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing ().