Assessment the Quality of Bottled Drinking Water Through Mamdani Fuzzy Water Quality Index

Ghorban Asgari, Ensieh Komijani, Abdolmotaleb Seid-Mohammadi and Mohammad Khazaei ()
Additional contact information
Ghorban Asgari: Social Determinants of Health Research Center (SDHRC), Hamadan University of Medical Sciences
Ensieh Komijani: Social Determinants of Health Research Center (SDHRC), Hamadan University of Medical Sciences
Abdolmotaleb Seid-Mohammadi: Social Determinants of Health Research Center (SDHRC), Hamadan University of Medical Sciences
Mohammad Khazaei: Hamadan University of Medical Sciences

Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), 2021, vol. 35, issue 15, No 21, 5452 pages

Abstract: Abstract In this investigation, an innovative index was developed based on the fuzzy inference system for assessing the quality of bottled drinking waters. A method was developed to aggregate the values obtained from the defuzzification step. A total number of 24 quality parameters revealing the characteristics of bottled were in terms of physiochemical, dietary, toxic, and pathogenic aspects were selected as the input parameters. 30 samples were taken from the independent brands found in the Hamadan province retail market to evaluate the bottled water quality index (BWQI). Results show that the values obtained from measuring the parameters are in the range of the standard levels set by national regulations. The BWQI scores obtained from samples were in the range of 61.2-73.8 attributing to the marginal and fair descriptive classes. The drinking bottled water samples had better scores because of low contents of NO3, NO2, Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn that are subjugated public distribution systems having the severe standards on urban water treatment plants for in case safe water. The mineral bottled water samples examination indicated that they are generally affected by the mineral contents of sedimentary rocks and NO3 leaks from fertilizers used in the agricultural doings and also they do not elaborate the rigorous scrutiny system alike those donned in the public water distribution systems. Sensitivity analysis using the Monte Carlo algorithm reveals that the parameters NO3, Na, hardness, and NO2 have the most impact on the BWQI scores.

Keywords: Fuzzy inference system; Water quality index; Bottled water; Defuzzification; Membership functions (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (2)

Downloads: (external link)
http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11269-021-03013-z Abstract (text/html)
Access to the full text of the articles in this series is restricted.

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:spr:waterr:v:35:y:2021:i:15:d:10.1007_s11269-021-03013-z

Ordering information: This journal article can be ordered from
http://www.springer.com/economics/journal/11269

DOI: 10.1007/s11269-021-03013-z

Access Statistics for this article

Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA) is currently edited by G. Tsakiris

More articles in Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA) from Springer, European Water Resources Association (EWRA)
Bibliographic data for series maintained by Sonal Shukla () and Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing ().