Green Roof Hydrological Modelling With GRU and LSTM Networks

Haowen Xie (), Mark Randall and Kwok-wing Chau
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Haowen Xie: Hohai University
Mark Randall: University of Copenhagen
Kwok-wing Chau: Hong Kong Polytechnic University

Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), 2022, vol. 36, issue 3, No 20, 1107-1122

Abstract: Abstract Green Roofs (GRs) are increasing in popularity due to their ability to manage roof runoff while providing a number of additional ecosystem services. Improvement of hydrological models for the simulation of GRs will aid design of individual roofs as well as city scale planning that relies on the predicted impacts of widespread GR implementation. Machine learning (ML) has exploded in popularity in recent years, however there are no studies focusing on the use of ML in hydrological simulation of GRs. We focus on two types of ML-based model: long short-term memory (LSTM) and gated recurrent unit (GRU), in modelling GRs hydrological performance, with sequence input andsingle output (SISO), and synced sequence input and output (SSIO) architectures. Results of this paper indicate that both LSTM and GRU are useful tools for GR modelling. As the time window length (memory length, time step length of input data) increases, SISO appears to have a higher overall forecast accuracy. SSIO delivers the best overall performance, when the SSIO is close to, or even exceeds, the maximum window size.

Keywords: Green Roof; Machine Learning; LSTM; GRU; Hydrologic Modelling (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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DOI: 10.1007/s11269-022-03076-6

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