Dealing with Zero Flows in the Simulation of Water Distribution Networks with Low-Resistance Pipes Using the Global Gradient Algorithm

Nikolai B. Gorev (), Vyacheslav N. Gorev (), Inna F. Kodzhespirova (), Igor A. Shedlovsky () and P. Sivakumar ()
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Nikolai B. Gorev: National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Vyacheslav N. Gorev: Dnipro University of Technology
Inna F. Kodzhespirova: National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Igor A. Shedlovsky: Dnipro University of Technology
P. Sivakumar: North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and Technology (Deemed To Be University)

Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), 2022, vol. 36, issue 5, No 11, 1679-1691

Abstract: Abstract This paper shows that the zero flow treatment algorithm and the convergence criteria of EPANET 2.2, the latest version of the EPANET 2 open-source software package, may be responsible for convergence to distinctly inaccurate results in the case of networks with low-resistance pipes. As an alternative, the paper suggests a zero flow treatment method proposed earlier, which is based on the smallness of the flow rather than the flow derivative of the head loss as in EPANET 2.2. To avoid spurious convergence, the EPANET 2.2 convergence criteria may be complemented with a criterion based on the flow residuals of the energy balance equations. The monotony of the head loss vs. flow relationship allows these residuals to be checked for a specified tolerance without solving the energy balance equations for the flow.

Keywords: Convergence criterion; Energy balance equation; Flow residual; Global gradient algorithm; Head residual; Zero flow (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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DOI: 10.1007/s11269-022-03100-9

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