Identifying Potential Locations of Hydrologic Monitoring Stations Based on Topographical and Hydrological Information

Akshay Singhal, Muhammed Jaseem, Divya, Shiblu Sarker, Pragati Prajapati, Ankit Singh and Sanjeev K. Jha ()
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Akshay Singhal: Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal
Muhammed Jaseem: Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal
Divya: Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal
Shiblu Sarker: Bureau of Watershed Management and Modelling
Pragati Prajapati: Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal
Ankit Singh: Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal
Sanjeev K. Jha: Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal

Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), 2024, vol. 38, issue 1, No 19, 369-384

Abstract: Abstract In-situ hydrometric gauges are considered the most trusted source of information in hydrology. They are crucial for effective planning, designing and management of water-related projects. In this study, we aim to identify important gauge locations of streamflow and sediment in the Ganga River Basin: (1) by identifying critical nodes (CN) which serve as pathways for the transport of water and sediment using the linear integer programming algorithm and (2) by identifying unique gauges among the 207 existing stream gauges based on the streamflow and sediment data using the complex network measure of clustering coefficient. We use 30 years of precipitation and temperature data to generate the streamflow and sediment data at the 207 stream gauge locations using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). Results show that the highest number of CN is found in the eastern zone of the basin, followed by the northern and southern zones. A total of 126 CN, 51 unique streamflow gauges, and 85 unique sediment gauge locations are identified. Combining the critical nodes and unique gauges, we identify 177 and 211 potential streamflow and sediment gauge locations in the basin, respectively. Results suggest the scope for adding streamflow and sediment gauges at the identified 126 CN locations. The study is important for policymakers for collecting and managing hydrological data, flood forecasters, and river management authorities for detecting sources of pollution, wastewater, etc.

Keywords: Streamflow network; Sediment network; Critical nodes; Complex network theory; Optimal gauge; Ganga River Basin (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1007/s11269-023-03675-x

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