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Regulating Sustainability Reporting in Europe: De Jure Harmonisation or De Facto Standardisation?

Simone Pizzi, Andrea Venturelli and Fabio Caputo

Accounting in Europe, 2025, vol. 22, issue 1, 51-75

Abstract: The paper aims to contribute to the debate about sustainability reporting through an evidence-based analysis of the contribution of the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) to the standardisation of the non-financial disclosures prepared by the Italian public interest entities (PIEs). For the purpose of this study, we considered a sample of Italian PIEs affected by the effects of the Directive 2014/95/EU during the period 2017-2020. Following previous studies about financial accounting harmonisation, the analysis was built using the Herfindahl index (H-Index) and Comparability index (C-Index). The analysis reveals that the GRI standards contributed to achieving a higher degree of harmonisation. Furthermore, the analysis underlines an isomorphic approach related to the disclosure of non-financial information on a mandatory basis. Despite common legal requirements, we found virtuous companies voluntarily adopted a more sophisticated reporting approach to signal their orientation to sustainable and ethical paradigms.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1080/17449480.2024.2330976

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