Can migraine be triggered by unemployment in France? A Bi-Probit/Multinomial probit approach

Thibault Brodaty

Applied Economics, 2025, vol. 57, issue 54, 9098-9110

Abstract: Migraine is a major public health issue with massive human, économic and social costs, particularly for women. However, the effects of the labour market on this disease are to date little studied. Because unemployment may trigger migraine due to induced stress, we present in this empirical study estimates of the impact of unemployment on migraine using French household data. The causal impact of unemployment is established using instrumental variable methods. We use a rich database (Health and Professional Itinerary Survey) that allows to measure the presence of migraine, mental health and labour market variables, including working conditions. We show that unemployment increases the probability of migraine among women, with an important marginal effect of 14.4% points. We also show that although the issue is unemployment, inactivity must also be included and instrumented, which leads to estimate a generalization of the bi-probit model in which the first step is a multinomial probit. From a public policy perspective, the results show that prevention and care policies must be put in place and target unemployed women.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1080/00036846.2024.2407554

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