The sources of overall gender disparities in Indian states

Sabyasachi Tripathi, Sudipa Majumdar and Prakriti Chahar

Development in Practice, 2025, vol. 35, issue 7, 994-1008

Abstract: Overall gender inequality is a result of sector-level inequalities. In this context, sub-regional level analysis has been overlooked in India. Inequalities in the labour market and health attainment, and crimes against women, are mainly considered as the sources of state-level overall gender inequalities, which are measured by the Gender Inequality Index (GII), the Gender Development Index (GDI), and the Human Development Index by sex. The estimated results show that crimes against women vary considerably across states. Gender gaps in the labour market, health achievements, and crimes against women increase state-level inequality. The gender gap in literacy and financial inclusion is also responsible. It is necessary to decrease labour market disparities regarding average earnings and workforce participation rates. The crime rate must also be significantly decreased. We require more comprehensive, gender-friendly policies to achieve stronger and lasting economic development.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1080/09614524.2025.2539980

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