Developing a socio-psychological model explaining farmers’ income diversification in response to groundwater scarcity in Iran

Seyyed Mahmoud Hashemi, Ann Kinzig, Hallie Eakin, Joshua K. Abbott and Reza Sedaghat

International Journal of Water Resources Development, 2022, vol. 38, issue 2, 283-305

Abstract: Income diversification is an essential livelihood strategy for farmers facing unsustainable groundwater withdrawals. This paper develops a general structural equation model that analyses socio-psychological factors that affect the intentions to adopt and the actual adoption of income diversification in response to groundwater scarcity. The developed model includes affective attitudes, instrumental attitudes and self-efficacy. This model explains 55% and 36% of the variance in intentions to pursue and the actual pursuit of income diversification among farmers in the Rafsanjan Plain, Iran, respectively. These results can inform policies for promoting income diversification, and have implications for sustaining farmers’ livelihoods and groundwater resources.

Date: 2022
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DOI: 10.1080/07900627.2021.1879029

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