A character-based conceptual framework to integrate landscape services into landscape planning

Yilei Wang, Diechuan Yang, Yawen Lu and Chi Gao

Landscape Research, 2025, vol. 50, issue 7, 1222-1238

Abstract: In the context of accelerating landscape changes, integration of landscape service (LS) into landscape planning (LP) is becoming increasingly important for sustainable development. However, current approaches often fail to effectively bridge the LS concept with LP practices. This study aims to develop a character-based framework to integrate LS into LP through landscape character assessment (LCA). Through a systematic review of 81 articles, we identified four key roles of LS in LP, including human-nature integration, interdisciplinary synthesis, local participation, and spatial analysis. On this basis, we proposed the Landscape Planning-Character-Services (LPCS) framework, which facilitates these roles through four cyclical phases in implementation, including characterisation, assessment, design, and monitoring. The framework takes landscape character as a bridge between LS and LP, enabling systematic integration of multiple scales and stakeholder perspectives. Despite some challenges in its implementation, the LPCS framework represents an advancement towards more integrated and sustainable LP.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1080/01426397.2025.2489973

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