A cross-country analysis of the factors driving innovation performance in the Global South

Sajjad Khan Niazi

Policy Studies, 2025, vol. 46, issue 2, 221-251

Abstract: This article examines the effect of various enabling factors that influence the innovation performance of the global south countries by analyzing the Global Innovation Index-2020, as little was known about their innovative behavior. Unlike previous studies, this article investigates what factors drive innovation performance in the global-south countries by examining the other factors unrelated to the input subset of GII. Multiple regressions were employed using cross-sectional data from 86 countries to explore the relationship while controlling for GDP per capita, R&D expenditures, R&D personnel, income gap, population, income level, government category, and regions. The robust results indicate that innovation performance was significantly linked with e-participation, efficiency enablers, and democracy. Inconsistent with previous studies and the hypotheses of this study, e-governance, economic freedom, and governance effectiveness remained indifferent to national innovation performance, ceteris paribus. These results suggest that improving developing countries' e-participation, efficiency enablers, and democratic culture, which represent policy planning and institutional structure, would significantly contribute to increasing innovation behavior and economic development.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2023.2287234

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