An overview of accounting approaches for national greenhouse gas emissions; comparing consumption and production footprints in the European Union

Harry C. Wilting and Daan in 't Veld

Economic Systems Research, 2025, vol. 37, issue 3, 402-426

Abstract: Environmentally extended multi-regional input–output (EEMRIO) analysis enables emission accounting over supply chains starting from production-based emissions reported by countries. In addition to well-known approaches that base the accounting on a country’s final demand, this article proposes a production footprint that includes all direct and upstream emissions from a country’s production activities. We applied various accounting approaches to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions related to consumption and production in all 27 EU Member States. Our results showed that production footprints exceeded consumption footprints in all Member States, except France, Italy and Croatia. Consumption and production footprints identified different sectors as main contributors to total emissions per country. An analysis that focuses only on consumption footprints, disregarding production footprints, misses up to 69% of a country’s total import-related GHG emissions. We recommend that policymakers consider both consumption and production footprints together with production-based emissions, as this may lead to different reduction opportunities.

Date: 2025
References: Add references at CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/09535314.2025.2463954 (text/html)
Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:taf:ecsysr:v:37:y:2025:i:3:p:402-426

Ordering information: This journal article can be ordered from
http://www.tandfonline.com/pricing/journal/CESR20

DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2025.2463954

Access Statistics for this article

Economic Systems Research is currently edited by Bart Los and Manfred Lenzen

More articles in Economic Systems Research from Taylor & Francis Journals
Bibliographic data for series maintained by Chris Longhurst ().