The gendered content of trade: regional impacts in a constrained economic scenario for Brazil and Chile

Eduardo Rodrigues Sanguinet, Patricia Batistella, Fernanda Castilhos França de Vasconcellos, Adelar Fochezatto and Augusto Mussi Alvim

Economic Systems Research, 2026, vol. 38, issue 1, 59-87

Abstract: Input–output constrained disturbances significantly impacted the gender gap in the labour market. In Brazil and Chile, women experienced greater relative job and income losses during economic shocks, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, due to structural factors like gender and regional inequality, as well as the high concentration of women in the services sector, which was particularly affected by input–output linkages between core and peripheral economic areas. This paper examines the direct and indirect impacts of economic constraints on regional production systems, focusing on gendered labour footprints, income-based multipliers, and industry-level analysis. It estimates the gender-based labour content of trade in interregional and export markets, considering the economic challenges brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings suggest that value-added generated by female workers were more affected in areas specialising in natural resources and services industries, with economic constraints likely propagating the gender gap along supply chains.

Date: 2026
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DOI: 10.1080/09535314.2025.2460122

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