Introduction: state capture by militias, paramilitaries, and organized crime

Federico Manfredi Firmian

Small Wars and Insurgencies, 2025, vol. 36, issue 4, 625-636

Abstract: This special issue examines state capture by militias, paramilitaries, and organized crime, building on prior research into how powerful armed actors infiltrate and co-opt state institutions. It features six case studies: Hezbollah’s state capture drive in Lebanon (Lina Khatib), pro-Iran militias in Iraq (Michael Knights and Crispin Smith), Sudan’s Rapid Support Forces (Majak D’Agoôt), the ‘ndrangheta in Italy (Anna Sergi and Alberto Vannucci), Colombia’s ELN (Andreas Feldmann and Jorge Mantilla), and Russia’s operations in Africa (Federico Manfredi Firmian). These contributions provide a global comparative perspective, offering critical insights into the implications of violent state capture for governance and stability.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1080/09592318.2025.2471818

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