Gender Marker Laws and Access to Emergency Rental Assistance for Transgender Renters in the United States During COVID-19

Sarah F. Small

Housing Policy Debate, 2025, vol. 35, issue 3, 513-538

Abstract: Barriers to changing gender markers on identification documents (IDs) create many economic challenges for transgender and gender nonconforming individuals. In the United States, each state has different laws and processes for changing the gender marker on a state ID. Using Household Pulse Survey data, this paper investigates whether transgender renters residing in states with several hurdles to changing gender on a driver’s license had a more difficult time accessing emergency rental assistance during the COVID-19 pandemic. Descriptive results from baseline logistic regression models suggest that among transgender individuals, residing in states that require proof of sex-change surgery, a court order, or an amended birth certificate to change gender on a driver’s license was associated with a lower likelihood of receiving emergency rental assistance after applying. Gender marker laws have deep consequences for housing policy: state-level considerations for the transgender population should be included in housing policy design.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1080/10511482.2024.2365255

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