On the nexus between growth and disaggregated ecological footprints-empirical evidence from India

Umar Farooq, Manas Paul and Arif Dar

Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 2024, vol. 67, issue 7, 1461-1493

Abstract: The depletion of natural capital stock due to widespread anthropogenic activities has increased concerns about environmental sustainability. Given this perspective, this study examines the relationship between environmental degradation and economic growth within the framework of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis in India. The growth-environment nexus using Autoregressive Distributive Lag is heterogeneous and footprint-specific. We find an inverted N-shaped EKC for cropland, N-shaped EKC for the forest, grazing, water, and built-up land footprints, and a monotonic increasing relationship for the carbon footprint. Projections based on annual per capita GDP show that cropland depletion would end by 2034 once India’s per capita GDP reaches USD 3,010. Besides, our study predicts that grazing land and forest land footprints will start increasing by 2026 and 2027, corresponding to a per capita GDP of USD 2,208 and USD 2,299. Our finding that the growth-environment relationship is time-varying and heterogeneous suggests policymakers and governments devise footprint-specific strategies to address their depletion.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1080/09640568.2023.2171279

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