Financial inclusion and living standards: evidence from Nepal

Rohan Byanjankar, Shiva Raj Adhikari and M. Mahmud Khan

Oxford Development Studies, 2025, vol. 53, issue 3, 286-304

Abstract: We investigate the impact of financial inclusion on twelve different sets of expenditure domains. We use Nepal Household Risk and Vulnerability Survey (NHRVS) collected by the World Bank to investigate the impact of financial inclusion on household living standards in Nepal. To circumvent the endogeneity problem, we introduce an instrument, the ‘VDC-level borrowing ratio’, motivated by network theory popular in migration studies. Financial inclusion enhances living standards by facilitating investment in human capital, long-term assets, and agriculture.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1080/13600818.2025.2507252

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