Landscapes in transition: how land fragmentation reshapes livelihood choices in Vietnam

Ha Thuc Vien, Dai Binh Tran and Le Van Ha

Post-Communist Economies, 2025, vol. 37, issue 6, 554-570

Abstract: Land reform in the 1990s mainly led to land fragmentation issues in Vietnam. This consequence persists until today, making the topic particularly important for both researchers and policymakers. The current study aims to extend the literature on this topic in Vietnam by investigating the connection between land fragmentation and livelihood choices using data from four waves of the Vietnam Household Living Standards Survey (VHLSS). Employing the instrumental variables (IV) method, our findings indicate that a higher level of land consolidation positively associates with the wage-earning choice of household members, while they are less likely to commit to self-employment or farming activities. Additionally, individuals in households with a higher level of land consolidation tend to specialise in certain economic activities. In conclusion, land consolidation reduces the labour intensity of farm labour supply and improves non-farm labour supply in the wage-earning sector, highlighting the complementary relationship between the farm and non-farm economy.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1080/14631377.2025.2517982

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