Comparative analysis and applicability of GENE, CETSCALE, and TE ethnocentrism scales in tourism context

Svetlana Stepchenkova

Current Issues in Tourism, 2023, vol. 26, issue 9, 1409-1426

Abstract: This study compares three instruments to measure ethnocentrism – the Generalized Ethnocentrism (GENE) scale, the Consumer Ethnocentrism scale (CET: 10-item CETSCALE), and the Tourism Ethnocentrism (TE) scale – for their applicability in the tourism context. It examines dimensionality, reliability, and validity of the scales, as well as their explanatory power in intent to travel domestically and internationally. The study uses PCA, CFA, and linear and quadratic regressions for analyses. The study concludes that the three instruments, while by design emphasizing different aspects of ethnocentrism, largely reflect the same underlying construct. However, TE scale has discriminant validity from the other two scales, while GENE and CET do not. The three scales have the same pattern of relationship with tourism-related variables of tourist type (primarily domestic or primarily international tourist) and cultural identity. The paper recommends using CET and TE in the domestic tourism domain and GENE and CET in the international tourism domain, with the final choice depending on the research focus. Theoretical implications are also discussed.

Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1080/13683500.2022.2056000

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