Hack-and-leak operations in Latin America: the case of Guacamaya

Sofia Liemann Escobar and James Barr

Journal of Cyber Policy, 2024, vol. 9, issue 3, 333-350

Abstract: Hack-and-leak operations (HLOs) have been making headlines over the past few years, with high-profile incidents such as the DNC leaks. However, few articles have focused on the potential hacktivist use of HLOs, and fewer still on instances in Latin America. The 2022 Guacamaya leaks provide an opportunity to examine these angles. This article explores the impact of the Guacamaya HLOs. By using media coverage as a proxy for impact, we consider the disparities in coverage between Mexico and Colombia. To do this, we refine and apply Shires’ tripartite framework to the Guacamaya case study. This article makes three main contributions. First it provides a revised framework to analyse the impact of HLOs. Second, it provides insights into a case study from a region of the world that is largely understudied in the cybersecurity literature. Finally, it explores the potential hacktivist use of HLOs, which may see different dynamics to the state use or state-sponsored use of HLOs.

Date: 2024
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DOI: 10.1080/23738871.2024.2419509

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