How do social and economic factors affect carbon emissions? New evidence from five ASEAN developing countries

Imen Tebourbi, Anh Thi Truc Nguyen, Shu-Fang Yuan and Chiung-Yu Huang

Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, 2023, vol. 36, issue 1, 2120038

Abstract: This study analyzes the long and short-run impacts of social and economic factors on carbon emissions from five developing ASEAN countries during the period 1986–2017. Utilising a Pooled Mean Group Estimator, we find a nonlinear relationship between CO2 emissions and real GDP, confirming the Environmental Kuznets Curve. Our results indicate that energy consumption is the main driver of environmental degradation in these countries; and that FDI and urbanisation reduce carbon emissions. Our research indicates both a long-run and short-run nexus between government education expenditures and CO2 emissions. We conclude with policy suggestions to reduce CO2 emissions while attaining sustainable growth.

Date: 2023
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DOI: 10.1080/1331677X.2022.2120038

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