Race and institutionalism: how race shapes organizational behavior in sport

Ajhanai C.I. Keaton and Charles D.T. Macaulay

Sport Management Review, 2025, vol. 28, issue 4, 650-675

Abstract: In 2020, the Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement produced an unprecedented call to action across the world to address anti-Black racism in society. Many academics challenged their respective fields to consider how this unprecedented call to action was impacting their respective industries. We sought to meet that call by making power more explicit in our application of institutional theory analyses, specifically as it pertains to the intersection of sport, race, and organizational behavior. Thus, this paper explores the interconnectedness of social levels between individuals’ institutional work at the interpersonal (micro) level to maintain whiteness at the organizational (meso) level. We found individuals employed racialized strategies to maintain institutional structures. Theoretically, our work aligns with recent calls to better situate power within institutional analyses by demonstrating how institutionalized whiteness is maintained via discourse through institutional work.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1080/14413523.2025.2497596

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