When the virtual water runs out: local and global responses to addressing unsustainable groundwater consumption

Iman Haqiqi, Chris J. Perry and Thomas Hertel

Water International, 2022, vol. 47, issue 7, 1060-1084

Abstract: Given the growing importance of groundwater in irrigated crop production, policies aimed at restricting groundwater use create fears of intensified food insecurity. Yet, a comprehensive quantitative analysis is required to evaluate the impacts of groundwater sustainability restrictions on food system. Using a multi-scale multi-system framework integrating economic and biophysical determinants of sustainability, we find that the local economic impacts of a groundwater sustainability policy are often substantial. However, due to market-mediated responses, including surface water substitution, expansion of rainfed production, relocation and virtual trade in blue water, the final impact on global food prices and production is surprisingly modest.

Date: 2022
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DOI: 10.1080/02508060.2023.2131272

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