Design and optimization of a compact slot antenna using characteristic mode analysis (CMA) for 5G MIMO applications

Mohamed El Mrini and Naima Amar Touhami

Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, 2025, vol. 39, issue 11, 1323-1344

Abstract: This paper presents a compact antenna design for 5G MIMO systems using characteristic mode analysis (CMA). Operating at a center frequency of 3.6 GHz, the antenna features a 4×4 array of slot-modified patches fed via coupling slots, enabling efficient surface current control and wideband performance. The design achieves a 750 MHz bandwidth (3.1–3.85 GHz), a gain of 4.84 dB, and compact dimensions (108 × 108 × 3.2 mm³), making it ideal for space-limited environments. High isolation (>27 dB) and a low envelope correlation coefficient (

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1080/09205071.2025.2502844

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