Deriving optimal defensive resource deployment of complex system-of-systems for risk response considering cascading effect

Jingru Zhang, Zhigeng Fang, Liangyan Tao, Shuang Wu, Wenjie Dong and Ding Chen

Journal of the Operational Research Society, 2025, vol. 76, issue 2, 267-279

Abstract: As disruptions happen with increasing frequency, over-deployment or insufficient deployment can lead to inefficiency or defensive failure for security risk management. Therefore, it is necessary to deploy appropriate defensive resources so as to defend a complex system-of-systems (SoS). Component heterogeneity and cascade effect must be considered in the high-risk environment. To that end, a novel security defensive deployment decision model is proposed in this research considering cooperation and non-cooperation. We formulate a maximum utility model to figure out the optimal defensive deployment of component in the case of independent defence. In addition, the complex SoS’s optimal defensive behaviour is calculated under all components work together to fulfil the demand and complete the mission. We also compare two scenarios and draw that the utility of coordinated defence is greater than that of independent defence in a SoS. The proposed model is employed in a weapon equipment SoS, elaborating how the SoS operators should operate against disruptive events.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1080/01605682.2024.2346610

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