Hybrid simulation in healthcare: a systematic exploration of models, applications, and emerging trends

Eyup Kar, Masoud Fakhimi, Christopher Turner and Tillal Eldabi

Journal of Simulation, 2025, vol. 19, issue 2, 231-249

Abstract: Hybrid Simulation (HS) refers to the utilisation of multiple simulation techniques, such as Discrete-event, Agent-based, and System Dynamics, within a single simulation study. The field of HS is expanding rapidly, with a substantial body of literature exploring its conceptualisations, frameworks, and case studies across diverse application domains. This article provides an extensive examination of the prevalence and utilisation of HS in healthcare. Through an in-depth review of fifty-seven relevant papers, we contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the current state-of-the-art in HS as applied to healthcare. The review encompasses a categorisation of modelling and simulation techniques, a thorough exploration of application types, software packages, emerging trends, potential opportunities, and challenges associated with HS in healthcare. Additionally, the review critically evaluates the limitations present in the existing literature and presents potential avenues for future research in this field.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1080/17477778.2024.2354250

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