Attribution Retraining for Self-Related Cognitions among Women

Albert Ziegler and Kurt A. Heller

Gifted and Talented International, 1997, vol. 12, issue 1, 36-41

Abstract: A series of studies with gifted males and females in Europe, North America, Israel, and China shows consistent differences favoring males in the fields of mathematics and the natural sciences. We consider the improvement of female attribution styles to be a good starting point for intervention. Women typically attribute their success in mathematical-scientific areas to effort, or externalize it to luck or low task difficulty. Conversely, they attribute their failures to lack of ability. Men, on the other hand, infer ability from their success and blame lack of effort or external factors, such as bad luck, when failing. The most important aim of the attributional retraining we developed is the enhancement of a realistic self-concept. This retraining is based on two underlying strategies: (a) the presentation of suitable covariative information and (b) the attribution of success to ability and the attribution of failure to lack-of-effort.

Date: 1997
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DOI: 10.1080/15332276.1997.11672864

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